O'rnatish va sozlash

Bu sahifada 0 dan boshlab ishchi muhitni tayyorlaymiz. Hammasi ~15 daqiqada.

Kerakli vositalar

Vosita	Talab	Sabab
Bash 4+	majburiy	Mashqlar shu versiyaga taqalgan (assoc array, mapfile)
Rust (cargo)	majburiy	bashlings CLI ni build qilish uchun
git	majburiy	Repo'ni klon qilish
jq	tavsiya etiladi	Part 3 / 13_jq mashqlari uchun
Node.js 18+	ixtiyoriy	Kitobni npm run docs:dev orqali lokal ko'rish uchun

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1. Bash 4+ o'rnatish

macOS

macOS'da default Bash — 3.2 (2007-yilgi)

Mashqlar Bash 4+ ga taqalgan. Yangilash kerak.

# Homebrew bilan
brew install bash

# Tekshirish
bash --version    # 5.x bo'lishi kerak

Bash'ni standart qilish (ixtiyoriy):

# /etc/shells fayliga qo'shing
echo "/opt/homebrew/bin/bash" | sudo tee -a /etc/shells

# Standart shell qilib o'rnating
chsh -s /opt/homebrew/bin/bash

Linux

# Ubuntu / Debian
sudo apt update && sudo apt install -y bash

# Tekshirish
bash --version    # odatda 5.x

Windows

Bash'ni Windows'da to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ishlatib bo'lmaydi. WSL2 yoki Git Bash kerak:

# WSL2 (tavsiya etiladi)
wsl --install -d Ubuntu

# Yoki Git for Windows: https://git-scm.com/download/win

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2. Rust toolchain o'rnatish

bashlings CLI Rust'da yozilgan — cargo bilan build qilamiz.

# Linux / macOS / WSL — rustup orqali
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

# Terminalni qayta oching yoki:
source "$HOME/.cargo/env"

# Tekshirish
cargo --version    # cargo 1.70+

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3. Bashlings CLI o'rnatish

# 1. Repo'ni klon qiling
git clone https://github.com/qobulovasror/bashlings
cd bashlings

# 2. CLI ni build + install qiling
cd cli
cargo install --path .

# 3. Tekshirish — repo ildizidan
cd ..
bashlings list

bashlings list natijasi:

  Bashlings  ·  101 ta mashq

  ·  intro1     part1/01-introduction
  ·  intro2     part1/01-introduction
  ...
  Progress: 0 / 101  (0%)

  Keyingi: intro1

Homebrew (yaqin kelajakda)

Homebrew formula tayyorlanmoqda. Hozirgi paytda cargo install orqali o'rnating.

Asosiy buyruqlar — qisqacha

Buyruq	Vazifasi
bashlings list	101 mashq + status
bashlings watch	Boshlash uchun shu — interaktiv rejim
bashlings run intro1	Bitta mashqni tekshirish
bashlings hint intro1	Maslahat (3-bosqich)
bashlings solution intro1	Yechim — faqat pass bo'lgach ochiladi 🔒
bashlings reset intro1	Boshlang'ich holatga qaytarish
bashlings progress	Compact statistika

Yechimlar yashirin

.solutions/ katalogi hidden — ls da ko'rinmaydi. Mashqni hal qilganingizdan keyingina bashlings solution <name> orqali yechimni ko'rishingiz mumkin. Bu — rustlings'dagi kabi, o'zingiz fikrlash uchun bosim hosil qiladi.

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4. Yordamchi vositalar

jq — JSON parser (Part 3 / 13_jq mashqlari uchun)

# macOS
brew install jq

# Ubuntu / Debian
sudo apt install -y jq

# Tekshirish
jq --version    # jq-1.6 yoki yangiroq

Boshqa standart vositalar

sed, awk, grep, sort, uniq, wc, head, tail, cut, tr — har Unix tizimda mavjud. Alohida o'rnatish shart emas.

macOS BSD vs GNU

macOS'da sed -i va awk GNU versiyasidan biroz farq qiladi. Mashqlar portativ sintaksis ishlatadi, lekin og'ir vazifalar uchun GNU versiyasini olish foydali:

brew install gnu-sed gawk grep
# va `gsed`, `gawk`, `ggrep` orqali chaqiring

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5. Node.js (ixtiyoriy — kitobni lokal ko'rish)

# macOS
brew install node

# Ubuntu (NodeSource orqali)
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt install -y nodejs

# Repo ildizida
npm install
npm run docs:dev    # http://localhost:5173

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6. To'liq tekshiruv

Repo ildizidan:

bashlings --version           # 0.1.x
bashlings list                # 101 mashq
bashlings run intro1          # birinchi mashq — xato berishi normal!

Agar bashlings run intro1 quyidagi natijani bersa — siz tayyor:

  Running intro1
  Fayl: exercises/01_intro/intro1.sh

  ✗  stdout      expected:  "Salom, Bash!"
                  actual:    ""
  ✗  exit        expected:  "0"
                  actual:    "127"

  ❌ intro1 — xato (0/2)

  Skript stderr chiqishi:
    .../intro1.sh: line 13: eko: command not found

  💡 Maslahat: bashlings hint intro1

Bu — birinchi mashqning boshlang'ich (broken) holati. Endi siz fayl'ni oching va to'g'rilang!

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Tez-tez uchraydigan muammolar

"command not found: bashlings"

cargo install --path . muvaffaqiyatli o'tdi, lekin bashlings topilmaydi?

~/.cargo/bin PATH'da emas. .bashrc yoki .zshrc ga qo'shing:

export PATH="$HOME/.cargo/bin:$PATH"

Keyin: source ~/.bashrc (yoki yangi terminal oching).

"workspace topilmadi" xatosi

bashlings faqat repo ildizidan ishlaydi (yoki uning subkatalogidan). exercises/info.toml faylini topa olmasligi mumkin. Yechim: repo ildiziga o'ting (cd bashlings).

Bash 3.2 muammolari (macOS)

Mashq declare -A yoki mapfile xatolar bersa — siz hali Bash 3.2 dan foydalanyapsiz. which bash bilan tekshiring; /bin/bash o'rniga /opt/homebrew/bin/bash bo'lishi kerak.

jq: command not found

Faqat 13_jq mashqlari uchun kerak. brew install jq yoki sudo apt install jq bilan o'rnating.

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Keyingi qadam

Sozlash tugadi. Endi birinchi bobga o'tamiz:

→ 1-bob: Shell, Terminal va Bash nima?